Social workers seek to promote equity and belonging for all at risk of or harmed by trafficking, particularly for individuals who face discrimination, such as undocumented individuals and individuals who identify as LGBTQ (e.g., Gerassi & Skinkis, 2020). Social work, with its primary mission to enhance human well-being and promote social justice, has responded to trafficking with micro-, mezzo and macro-level research and practice. The concern for human rights and freedom from victimization enshrined in the TVPA underlies anti-trafficking efforts across different sectors. It clarifies that trafficking is not only a human rights and migration issue, but also a crime (Shelley, 2013). The Act also defines all engagement in commercial sex by individuals under the age of 18 as sex trafficking. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 defines trafficking as the use of force, fraud, or coercion to induce an individual over the age of 18 into commercial sex (sex trafficking) or involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery (labor trafficking).

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